Binary amino ovicidal composition

ABSTRACT

A binary aqueous spray ovicidal composition useful in controlling Aedes aegypti consisting of a minor amount (0.05 to .4 percent) of an apolar amine (e.g., decylamine) and a major amount (1 to 2 percent) of a polar amine (e.g., ethanolamine).

United States Patent 1 [111 3,719,763 Cline et al. 5] March 6, 1973 [54] BINARY AMINO OVICIDAL [56] References Cited C P SITI 0M 0 ON C OTHER PUBLICATIONS t R h d li P. l

[75] g g fi 'lz 21" 9" Merck lndex, 7m Ed; 1960, p. 420

[73] Assignee: The United States of America as Prim ry Emminer.|6r0me D Goldberg represented 1 b h S m of Assistant Examiner-Vincent D. Turner m Ed fi and W lf Attorney-John S. Roberts and Norman J. Latker [211 App]' N04 8622056 A binary aqueous spray ovicidal composition useful in controlling Aedes aegypti consisting of a minor amount 52 us. Cl. ..424/325 424/250 424/327 (0'05 Percent) an amine [5 l 1 Int cl Aoln 9/20 decylamine) and a major amount (1 to 2 percent) of a [58] polar amine (6% ethanolamine).

Field of Search ..424/325 6 Claims, No Drawings 1 BINARY AMINO OVICIDAL COMPOSITION THE INVENTION The present invention comprises a binary aqueous spray ovicidal composition useful against Aedes aegypti consisting of a minor amount (0.05 to 0.4 percent) of an apolar amine (e.g., decylamine) and a major amount (1 to 2 percent) of a polar amine (e.g., ethanolamine).

THE PRIOR ART U.S. Pat. No. 2,523,177 Yowell et al. (SOD) teaches an ethylene diamine ether type condensation for destroying fungi, etc. Other U.S. patents, such as U.S. Pats. No. 2,464,284 Alles, No. 2,952,707 Nikawitz, and No, 3,341,405 Weil, utilize amines in biocidal and pesticid al settings tangential to the present invention.

'Closer to the problem solved by the present invention; that is, the ovicidal activity of the binary amine composition on Aedes aegypti, is the recent literature art. in 19 62, Judson et al. (J. Econ. Entomol. 55(5): 805-807) published on the effects of various fumigant chemicals on eggs of the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) but the authors did not discuss aqueous formulations, and the chemicals taught, such as acrylonitrile, etc., were different from those presently considered. in l967, Mulla et al. (J. Econ. Entomol. 60(2):5l5522) published ltiocidal and Biostatic Activity of Aliphatic Amines Against Southern House Mosquito Larvae and Rum." an n 9 M ua nd heu h ry (J.- E n- Entomol. 6 l 2 10-515, pubiished Qvicidal Activity f ha i mines and Pst iw n Oi As iiis Species of Mosquitoes." Against southern house mosquitoes, Mulla's dip compositions embodying apolar amines, such as decylamine, were effective since the ovicidal activity occurred at or below the water line. However, Mulla's compounds have been found ineffective against Aedes aegypti where egg deposits were on a moist surfa e us sh r tbs aist ins and a sp a not a dip, was indicated. Furthermore, it appears that the aedine eggs are resistant to the sole action of an apolar amine; e.g., decylamine, unless a potentiator or activator such as an polar amine like ethanolamine is added in a majority amount. I Wilton, Cline and Fay (December, 1968, Mosquito News 28(4):602-606) teach some of the more pertinent features of the present invention.

THE WATER-SOLUBLE (WIS) POLAR AMINE The polar amine component is selected from aminoethanols containing 2-6 carbon atoms corresponding to the following formula:

where r =0-4 X, Y and Z are H and where n ==0 x iS-CHgCH3 Y Z is H and where n=0 X is H Z is Cll, and from diamines selected from hydrazine, H,NNl-l, primary diamines with 2-3carbon atoms corresponding to the following formula:

where n=l2 X is H and where n=l X is -Cl-l, and from the secondary diamine, piperazine,

' has; HN NH GHQ-CH2 A most preferred component is ethanolamine, HzN(CH Ol-f. In combination with fl-diamines (Duomeen L-l l-Armour, post), 3-amino-l-propanol in addition to ethanolamine provided superior activity.

Exemplary of additional aminoethanols showing good shout l-2 percent of the total aqueous composition and thus, compared to the apolar component,it comprises the major or primary component.

One speculated modus of action of the polar amine or the preferred ethanolamine is that the polar compound makes effective the penetration of the long chain apolar compound, which is the effective killing agent. it is known that at high concentrations, e.g., l'0 percent of total spray volume, ethanolarnine itself along may act as a larvicide, but such utilization is commercially unfeasible. The present invention in its preferred embodiment comprises an aqueous spray containing about 1% ethanolamine, together with" about 0.1-0.2 percent of a long chain amine such as decylamine.

THE APOLAR AMINE The minor but probably the larvicide acting constituent is a biodegradable long chain apolar aliphatic amine. Suitable aliphatic amines are:

a. Straight chain a-amines such as octylamine and decylamine, or generally l-l,C-(Cl-l,),,Nl-l, when n=7. The ovicidal results uniformly show a narrow range of specificity and it has been found that carbon chains in excess of and below that designated will not operate satisfactorily. Conversely, decylamine proved to be the component of choice giving ovicidal toxicity consistently superior to the other alternatives.

b. Diamines. Compounds of the following structures have been found useful in the practice of this invention:

1 B-diamines Thus, in the biodegradable long chain, the range of carbon atoms is C -C Suitable commercial products are Duomeen L-l l, L-l5, etc. (Armour).

2. Alkoxypropyldiamine 3 4 R(CH NH(Cl-l NH where R=C,,. A suitable containing both amines but quite large where either commercial product is Adogen 583 (Ashland). one was omitted. Preferred apolar amines useful in sprays of the present invention are octylamine, decylamine, EXAMPLEZ Duomeen L-ll and'Adogen 583 as defined above.

in the same manner and with greater particularity of disclosure than in Example 1, fully embryonated eggs of Ae. aegypti were placed on a non-porous surface. Panels of roughened 40-gauge aluminum measuring X 115 mm. served as an oviposition substrate. A flatbottom, cylindrical glass dish was lined with the panels, which were retained and held upright by a length of coil spring encircling the inside of the dish. Approximately 4 cm. of tap water were added to the dish and-it was left i5 overnight in a colony of several thousand adult Ae. ae-

gypti. On removal from the cage, the water was poured t I off and the dish with panels in place wasput into a Smith et (l966) Ann 331-368 plastic bag to maintain 100 percent humidity and point out that in addition to toxicity, an ovicide must stored for 2 days at 1 0 The bag was then meet the egg in a sufficiently exposed location and that 20 removed and the panels kept at 85:5 percent relative there be a high enough proportion of the population in humidity and 0 i F. for at least 1 additional stage to i f i Aedes fl as Eggs thus conditioned were used at ages between 3 and recipient of the ovicides, satisfies these requirements; m days Prior to treatment each panel was examined i.e., the eggs are laid just above the water line and are under a dissecting microscope and excess gg were Susceptible to spray and further the normally sufficlem removed with a fine needle to permit an accurate count propomon of the population which will be aedine eggs of those to be treated At this time also an obvious] will be enhanced following a dry spell, since the eggs bl d d C y d deposited just above the water line do not hatch until nonvla e eggs were scar e are was exercise tough only those eggs to be discarded and to avoid submerged' V V v damage to those retained on the panels.

EXAMPLE The formulations utilized, which are summarized in Table ii below, were prepared as emulsions and a mag- In order tosimulate field conditions where eggs are P Sm bar was to keep them holhogeneous deposited in tin cans, theAedes aegypti mosquitoes util- R operahonw y was dehvcred from h ized were induced to eggs on e roughened sub 8001 Teejet nozzle at p.s.|. The panels, held vertifaces of aluminum panels instead of cans. Atfter the Cally h a rack were P c on a moving at 40 eggs had completed embryonic development, the egg l minute and Passed once thl'ough the p y which containing pane ls w e e mounted vertically and passed wet them to the point Of run-off. Orientation Of the at a speed of 40 ft/rnin under a spray of the formulapanels and their direction of movement were both at tion. The equipment emulsified the formulation by stir- 40 fight g t 0 the p y U sprayed eggs and eggs ring, and witha pressure of 40 lbs/sq in. forced the p y with water y e e as cont s. liquid through a T jet with nozzle, giving a spray in the Following treatment, the panels were held r 24 shape of a fan. The panels were then held under stanhours at 8 i 2 F- and 85:5 percent relative humididard conditions for 24 hours before submergence in a ty. The percent hatch was then determined by comhatching medium to determine percentage hatch. it is parison of egg and larval counts after a 2-hour hatch noted in the accompaning results in Table i that the period. The hatching medium was a day-old culture hatch was negligible with formulations containing brewer's yeast and pulverized lab chow.

The concentration preferred for ovicidal purposes is about 0.1-0.2 percent based on the total volume of the spray. However, formulations may be used wherein the apolar amine is operable at a broader range of concentrations of about 0.05 to 0.4 percent, and in all operato ble concentrations the apolar component of the binary amine composition is the minor component compared with the polar component.

MoDusor AETION TABLE I Percent hatch of Aedes aeuupli eggs on aluminum panels alter spray applications oi lipophilic amines in water or in 1% ethanolamlne. Results based on tests with a mean of 493 eggs (range 220 to 1,230 eggs) Percentage hatch Carbons 1% ethanolaminc (E '7 Lipophillc amine (A) chain 0.4%, A 0.025% A 0.05% An 0.1% A

RNl-h (a-nmlues):

iioxyinmiuc iiuptylmnine.

I ()etyl:uninc Docylmnlno .5 ltCI-I (NIIQCH; (Ii-amines):

Armcon L-9 Armcou L-1l Armcen L-l5 Duomeen 'Duomecn L-15 R0(CH2) 8NH(GH2)3NH2 (aikoxypropyldi mine): Diamino N o. 2. RNHCH; (secondary amine): N-methyldodecylamine RrNH (secondary amines):

Di-n-b tyiamlnc Di-n-hcx lamina N,N-dimethyld ecylaminc N ,N-dimcthylhcxadecylaminc Control hatch rates to R chain branched.

In Table II are reported results showing the effectiveness of selected compositions utilizing the selected components of the present invention.

TABLE II Percent Hatch From Ae. Aegypn Eggs Sprayed With 0.2 Percent Diamine No. 2 and 1.0 Percent Diethanolamine or Ethylenediamine. Numbers in Parentheses Indicate Number of Eggs Tested Diethanolamine Ethylenediamine Diamine No.2 with 3.3(1084) 0.0(646) 0.2% decanol I Diamine No.2 with- 1.5 (734) 0.4(448) out 0.2% decanol amount of an apolar amine and a major amount of a water soluble polar amine wherein the apolar amine is a straight chain a-amine of the formula l-I C(CH ),,NH where n=7-1l and where the water soluble polar amine is ethanolamine and where the concentration of apolar amine is from about 0.05 to 0.4 percent and the concentration of the polar amine is about 1 percent based on the total spray composition.

2. An ovicidal spray composition according to claim 1 wherein the concentration of apolar amine is from about 0.1 to 0.2 percent and the concentration of the polar amine is about 1 percent based on the total spray concentration.

3. An ovicidal spray composition according to claim 1 wherein the apolar amine is decylamine and the water soluble polar amine is ethanolamine.

4. A method of controlling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which comprises treating the aedine eggs with a spray composition consisting essentially of a minor but effective amount of an apolar amine and a major amount of a water soluble polar amine and wherein the apolar amine in the spray composition is a straight chain aamine of the formula H C(CH ),,NH where n=7-l l and wherein the water soluble polar amine is an alkanolamine selected from. the group consisting of ethanolamine, 3-amino- 1 -propanol, l-amino-Z- propanol, and 2-amino-1-butanol; hydrazine; primary diamines with 2-3 carbon atoms corresponding to the following formula:

where n=l-2 X is H and where n=l X is --CH;, or piperazine; and wherein the concentration of apolar amine is from about 0.05 to 0.4 percent and the concentration of the polar amine is from about 1 to 2 percent based on the total spray composition.

5. A method according to claim 4 wherein the concentration of apolar amine is from about 0.1 to 0.2 percent and the concentration of the water soluble polar amine is about 1 percent based on the total spray concentration. l

6. A met 0d according to claim 4 wherein the apolar amine is decylamine and the water soluble polar amine is ethanolamine. 

1. An ovicidal spray composition useful for controlling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes consisting essentially of an aqueous solution containing a minor but effective amount of an apolar amine and a major amount of a water soluble polar amine wherein the apolar amine is a straight chain Alpha -amine of the formula H3C-(CH2)nNH2 where n 7-11 and where the water soluble polar amine is ethanolamine and where the concentration of apolar amine is from about 0.05 to 0.4 percent and the concentration of the polar amine is about 1 percent based on the total spray composition.
 2. An ovicidal spray composition according to claim 1 wherein the concentration of apolar amine is from about 0.1 to 0.2 percent and the concentration of the polar amine is about 1 percent based on the total spray concentration.
 3. An ovicidal spray composition according to claim 1 wherein the apolar amine is decylamine and the water soluble polar amine is ethanolamine.
 4. A method of controlling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which comprises treating the aedine eggs with a spray composition consisting essentially of a minor but effective amount of an apolar amine and a major amount of a water soluble polar amine and wherein the apolar amine in the spray composition is a straight chain Alpha -amine of the formula H3C-(CH2)nNH2 where n 7-11 and wherein the water soluble polar amine is an alkanolamine selected from the group consisting of ethanolamine, 3-amino-1-propanol, 1-amino-2-propanol, and 2-amino-1-butanol; hydrazine; primary diamines with 2-3 carbon atoms corresponding to the following formula: H2N-(CH2)n-CHX-NH2 where n 1-2 X is H and where n 1 X is -CH3 or piperazine; and wherein the concentration of apolar amine is from about 0.05 to 0.4 percent and the concentration of the polar amine is from about 1 to 2 percent based on the total spray composition.
 5. A method according to claim 4 wherein the concentration of apolar amine is from about 0.1 to 0.2 percent and the concentration of the water soluble polar amine is about 1 percent based on the total spray concentration. 